The rising frequency of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases necessitates effective immunotherapy and targeted biologics. As a result the global immunology market was worth roughly $74 billion in 2020, and it is predicted to rise to approximately $150 billion by 2027, at a CAGR of over 10%.
Here, the Adv. Immunology 2024 congress plays a critical role in advancing medical science and improving society's health and well-being by bringing new therapies, focusing on improving diagnosis and disease prevention, and understanding the immune system's mechanisms for better patient outcomes and a healthier population.
Immunology research is predicted to expand in the future. The future of medicine is significantly reliant on immunology research, which holds the promise of unlocking novel therapies and treatments for many diseases that currently have limited treatment options.
Theme: Immunology Beyond Boundaries: Pioneering Clinical Frontiers, Proactive Innovations, Digital Technologies, and
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Saint Louis University, USA
National Cancer Institute, USA
University of Washington, USA
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Market Value of Immunology in USA:
Immunology is a rapidly growing field in the United States with a significant market value. According to a report by Zion Market Research, the global immunology market was valued at $74.1 billion in 2017 and is projected to reach $143.3 billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of around 10.6% between 2018 and 2024. The USA is one of the leading countries in the field of immunology and is expected to contribute significantly to this growth.
The USA is home to many research institutions and universities dedicated to immunology research. The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are some of the most prominent organizations that conduct research in the field of immunology in the USA.
The demand for immunology research is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. The development of novel immunotherapies and biologics is also driving the growth of the immunology market in the USA.
In conclusion, the market value of immunology in the USA is significant and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
Market Value of Immunology in Europe:
Immunology is a rapidly growing field in Europe with a significant market value. According to a report by Grand View Research, the global immunology market was valued at €57.5 billion in 2019 and is projected to reach €133.5 billion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 10.8% between 2020 and 2027. Europe is one of the leading regions in the field of immunology and is expected to contribute significantly to this growth.
Europe is home to many research institutions and universities dedicated to immunology research. Some of the prominent organizations conducting research in the field of immunology in Europe include the European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS), the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO), and the European Society for Immunodeficiencies (ESID).
The demand for immunology research is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. The development of novel immunotherapies and biologics is also driving the growth of the immunology market in Europe.
In conclusion, the market value of immunology in Europe is significant and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
Market Value of Immunology in Asia:
Immunology is a rapidly growing field in Asia with a significant market value. According to a report by ResearchAndMarkets, the global immunology market was valued at $74.1 billion in 2017 and is projected to reach $143.3 billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of around 10.6% between 2018 and 2024. Asia is one of the leading regions in the field of immunology and is expected to contribute significantly to this growth.
Asia is home to many research institutions and universities dedicated to immunology research. Some of the prominent organizations conducting research in the field of immunology in Asia include the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the National Institute of Immunology (NII) in India, and the Japan Society for Immunology.
The demand for immunology research is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases in Asia. The development of novel immunotherapies and biologics is also driving the growth of the immunology market in Asia.
In conclusion, the market value of immunology in Asia is significant and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
Market Value of Immunology in Middle East:
Immunology is a growing field in the Middle East with a significant market value. However, there is limited information available on the specific market value of immunology in the Middle East.
Some of the countries in the Middle East, such as Israel and Saudi Arabia, have made significant investments in the field of immunology research. Israel, for instance, is home to some of the leading biotechnology companies and research institutions focused on immunology. Similarly, Saudi Arabia has invested heavily in building research infrastructure and developing research programs in immunology.
The demand for immunology research in the Middle East is driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Additionally, the Middle East is also home to a large population affected by genetic disorders, which has led to increased interest in developing personalized immunotherapies.
In conclusion, while the specific market value of immunology in the Middle East is not readily available, the region is expected to contribute to the growth of the global immunology market in the coming years.
Market Value of Immunology in Japan:
Immunology is a rapidly growing field in Japan with a significant market value. According to a report by Grand View Research, the global immunology market was valued at JPY 8.21 trillion in 2019 and is projected to reach JPY 19.02 trillion by 2027, growing at a CAGR of 10.8% between 2020 and 2027. Japan is one of the leading countries in the field of immunology in Asia and is expected to contribute significantly to this growth.
Japan is home to many research institutions and universities dedicated to immunology research. Some of the prominent organizations conducting research in the field of immunology in Japan include the Japanese Society for Immunology (JSI), the RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, and the Institute of Medical Science at the University of Tokyo.
The demand for immunology research is driven by the rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases in Japan. The development of novel immunotherapies and biologics is also driving the growth of the immunology market in Japan.
In conclusion, the market value of immunology in Japan is significant and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
Market Value of Immunology in China:
Immunology is a rapidly growing field in China with a significant market value. According to a report by ResearchAndMarkets, the global immunology market was valued at $74.1 billion in 2017 and is projected to reach $143.3 billion by 2024, growing at a CAGR of around 10.6% between 2018 and 2024. China is one of the leading countries in the field of immunology in Asia and is expected to contribute significantly to this growth.
China is home to many research institutions and universities dedicated to immunology research. Some of the prominent organizations conducting research in the field of immunology in China include the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences at Peking Union Medical College, and the Institute of Immunology at Zhejiang University.
The demand for immunology research in China is driven by the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Additionally, the Chinese government has made significant investments in the biotechnology sector and has encouraged the development of innovative immunotherapies and biologics.
In conclusion, the market value of immunology in China is significant and is expected to continue to grow in the coming years.
Immunology Societies in USA:
American Association of Immunologists / American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology / Clinical Immunology Society / American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology / American Society of Transplantation / American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics / Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer / International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research / International Cytokine and Interferon Society / International Society for Cellular Therapy / International Society for Clinical Laboratory Technology / International Society for Extracellular Vesicles / Society for Leukocyte Biology / International Society of Neuroimmunology / International Society for Biological and Environmental Repositories / International Society for Antiviral Research / International Society for Influenza and Other Respiratory Virus Diseases / International Society for Computational Biology / Society for Mucosal Immunology / American Society for Investigative Pathology / American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists Immunology Focus Group / Society for Natural Immunity / Clinical Immunology Society / Diagnostic Immunology Focus Group / Society for Immunology and Cancer Immunotherapy / The Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists (AMLI)
Immunology Societies in Europe:
European Federation of Immunological Societies (EFIS) / British Society for Immunology (BSI) / German Society for Immunology (DGfI) / Italian Society of Immunology, Clinical Immunology and Allergology (SIICA) / French Society of Immunology (SFI) / Spanish Society for Immunology (SEI) / Dutch Society for Immunology (NVVI) / Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SSAI) / Turkish Society of Immunology (TSI) / Belgian Immunological Society (BIS) / Irish Society for Immunology (ISI) / Croatian Immunological Society (HID) / Swedish Society for Immunology (SSI) / Norwegian Society for Immunology (NSI) / Danish Society for Immunology (DSI) / Finnish Society for Immunology (FSI) / Polish Society for Immunology (PTI) / Portuguese Society for Immunology (SPI) / Czech Society for Immunology (CSI) / Austrian Society for Allergology and Immunology (ÖGAI) / Hungarian Society for Immunology (MIT) / Estonian Society for Immunology and Allergology (ESIA) / Latvian Immunologists' Association (LIA) / Lithuanian Society for Immunology (LSI) / Ukrainian Society for Immunology and Allergy (USIA)
Immunology Societies in Asia:
Japanese Society for Immunology (JSI) / Korean Association of Immunologists (KAI) / Indian Immunology Society (IIS) / Chinese Society for Immunology (CSI) / Iranian Society for Immunology and Allergy (ISIA) / Israeli Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (IAACI) / Singaporean Society for Immunology (SSI) / Hong Kong Society for Immunology (HKSI) / Taiwan Society of Immunology (TSI) / Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand (AIST) / Philippine Society for Immunology (PSI) / Malaysian Society for Immunology (MSI) / Indonesian Society for Immunology (ISI) / Bangladesh Association of Immunologists (BAI) / Sri Lankan Society for Immunology and Allergy (SLSIA) / Nepal Society for Immunology and Immunopathology (NSII) / Pakistan Society for Immunology (PSI) / Iraqi Society of Immunologists (ISI) / Syrian Society for Immunology (SSI) / Jordanian Society for Immunology (JSI) / Kuwait Society for Immunology (KSI) / Saudi Society for Immunology (SSI) / United Arab Emirates Immunology Group (UAEIG) / Qatar Immunology Group (QIG) / Omani Society for Immunology (OSI)
Immunology Societies in Middle East:
Iranian Society for Immunology and Allergy (ISIA) / Israeli Association of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (IAACI) / Iraqi Society of Immunologists (ISI) / Syrian Society for Immunology (SSI) / Jordanian Society for Immunology (JSI) / Kuwait Society for Immunology (KSI) / Saudi Society for Immunology (SSI) / United Arab Emirates Immunology Group (UAEIG) / Qatar Immunology Group (QIG) / Omani Society for Immunology (OSI) / Bahrain Society for Immunology and Allergy (BSIA) / Lebanese Society of Allergy and Immunology (LSAI) / Yemeni Society of Immunology (YSI) / Libyan Society for Immunology and Allergy (LSIA) / Tunisian Society of Immunology (TSI) / Algerian Society of Immunology (ASI) / Moroccan Society of Immunology (MSI) / Egyptian Society of Immunology (ESI) / Palestinian Society for Immunology and Allergy (PSIA) / Sudanese Society of Immunology (SSI) / Mauritanian Society for Immunology (MSI) / Djibouti Society of Immunology (DSI) / Somalian Society for Immunology (SSI) / Comorian Society of Immunology (CSI) / Gulf Immunology Society (GIS)
List of Global Immunology Universities:
Harvard University / Stanford University / Massachusetts Institute of Technology / University of California-Berkeley / University of California-Los Angeles / California Institute of Technology / University of Chicago / Yale University / Princeton University / University of Pennsylvania / Columbia University / Duke University / University of Michigan-Ann Arbor / Johns Hopkins University / University of Wisconsin-Madison / University of Texas-Austin / University of Washington / Cornell University / Northwestern University / University of California-San Diego / University of California-San Francisco / University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill / University of Colorado-Boulder / University of Minnesota-Twin Cities / University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign / University of Virginia / University of Pittsburgh / Washington University in St. Louis / University of California-Irvine / University of Maryland-College Park / University of Southern California / Emory University / University of Arizona / University of Iowa / University of Utah / University of Rochester / University of Massachusetts-Amherst / University of Cincinnati / University of Alabama-Birmingham / University of Kansas / University of Oregon / University of Oklahoma / University of South Carolina / University of Nebraska-Lincoln / University of New Mexico / University of Kentucky / Ulane University / University of Delaware / University of Missouri-Columbia / University of Georgia / University of California-Davis / Indiana University-Bloomington / University of Tennessee-Knoxville / Ohio State University / University of Colorado-Colorado Springs / University of South Florida / University of Arkansas / University of Nevada-Las Vegas / University of Houston / Wayne State University / University of North Dakota / University of Nevada-Reno / University of Toledo / Exas Tech University / University of Maine / University of Wyoming / University of Central Florida / University of Rhode Island / University of Louisiana-Lafayette / University of Mississippi / Baylor University / University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire / Louisiana State University / Appalachian State University / University of North Texas / Virginia Commonwealth University / University of Montana / Florida State University / University of Akron / University of North Florida / University of Alaska-Fairbanks / University of Northern Iowa / Kansas State University / Western Carolina University / University of Wisconsin-Green Bay / University of Wisconsin-La Crosse / Eastern Kentucky University / University of West Florida / University of North Carolina-Charlotte / University of West Georgia / University of South Alabama / University of Wisconsin-Oshkosh / University of Maine-Farmington / University of Wisconsin-Stout / Western Kentucky University / University of Wisconsin-Whitewater / University of Southern Mississippi / University of Arkansas-Little Rock / Appalachian State University / Eastern Michigan University / University of Southern Indiana / East Tennessee State University / University of Wisconsin-Parkside / University of North Carolina-Wilmington / University of Wisconsin-Superior
List Global Immunology Companies:
AbbVie / Amgen / Bristol-Myers Squibb / Roche / Pfizer / Johnson & Johnson / Novartis / Merck & Co / Sanofi / GlaxoSmithKline / Eli Lilly and Company / AstraZeneca / Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited / Biogen / Regeneron Pharmaceuticals / Genentech / Alexion Pharmaceuticals / Celgene / BioNTech SE / Moderna / Vertex Pharmaceuticals / CSL Limited / Seattle Genetics / Immunomedics / Sarepta Therapeutics / Dynavax / Technologies Corporation / Adaptimmune Therapeutics / Kite Pharma / Spark Therapeutics / Alnylam Pharmaceuticals / Fate Therapeutics / Apellis Pharmaceuticals / EMD Serono / Bavarian Nordic / Neurocrine Biosciences / MacroGenics / Genmab / Acorda Therapeutics / Sangamo Therapeutics / Atara Biotherapeutics / uniQure / Inovio Pharmaceuticals / Tmunity Therapeutics / IGM Biosciences / Alkermes / PTC Therapeutics / Exelixis / AnaptysBio / Aurinia Pharmaceuticals / Mirati Therapeutics / CytomX Therapeutics / Argenx / Portola Pharmaceuticals / Coherus BioSciences / Theravance Biopharma / Turning Point Therapeutics / Nektar Therapeutics / TG Therapeutics / Miragen Therapeutics / Arrowhead Pharmaceuticals / MyoKardia / Kodiak Sciences / Epizyme / Acceleron Pharma / CRISPR Therapeutics / BioMarin Pharmaceutical / BeiGene / uniQure / Orchard Therapeutics / Akcea Therapeutics / Aimmune Therapeutics / Prothena Biosciences / Aprea Therapeutics / Zymeworks / TCR² Therapeutics / Principia Biopharma / Replimune / Fate Therapeutics / Ocular Therapeutix / Scholar Rock / Karyopharm Therapeutics / Translate Bio / Iovance Biotherapeutics / Trillium Therapeutics / Rubius Therapeutics / Adaptimmune Therapeutics / Inmune Bio / Xencor / X4 Pharmaceuticals / Gritstone Oncology / Surface Oncology / Gossamer Bio / Odonate Therapeutics / Adicet Bio / Orchard Therapeutics / Bellerophon Therapeutics / SpringWorks Therapeutics / Jounce Therapeutics / Aligos Therapeutics / Zentalis Pharmaceuticals
50 Techniques Commonly Used in Immunology Research:
ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) / Flow cytometry / Western blotting / Immunohistochemistry / Immunofluorescence microscopy / Immunoprecipitation / Tissue culture / Cell sorting / Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) / Microarray analysis / Mass cytometry / RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) / Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) / In vivo imaging / Immunoelectrophoresis / Transgenic animal models / Knockout animal models / In vitro assays / Cytokine assays / Proteomics / Epigenetic analysis / Retroviral transduction / Lentiviral transduction / CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing / RNA interference (RNAi) / Histology / Animal imaging / Gene expression analysis / High-throughput screening / Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) / X-ray crystallography / Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy / Dynamic light scattering (DLS) / Electron microscopy / Immunomagnetic separation / Protein purification / Bacterial and viral challenge assays / Pathogen detection assays / Multiplex assays / Single-cell sequencing / Antibody production and purification / In situ hybridization / Lipidomics / Glycomics / In silico modeling / Imaging mass spectrometry / Metabolomics / Microscopy-based assays / Protease assays / Multiphoton microscopy
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Although almost all adults are infected with EBV, there are marked differences in the acquisition of EBV infection with respect to the age, gender, ethnicity, race, and socio-economic circumstances. Thus, most African Americans, African Blacks and Australian Aboriginese are infected usually without clinical symptoms very early in their lives. EBV infection has been associated with a broad spectrum of human diseases of infectious, malignant, or autoimmune nature, including IgA nephropathy. In this disease EBV-infected IgA-producing cells secrete IgA of the IgA1 isotype in its polymeric form associated the J chain, preferentially of the ? light chain isotype and marked deficiency of galactose residues present on the O-linked glycans in the hinge region of IgA1 (Gd-pIgA1.J.?). IgA in this form serves as an autoantigen recognized by the specific antibodies, mostly of the IgG isotype, leading to the formation of nephritogenic immune complexes deposited in the glomerular mesangium with pathological consequences. Due to the physiologically delayed maturation of human IgA system, EBV preferentially infects B cells of non -IgA isotypes and the ensuing humoral and cellular responses prevent later infection of B cells which may produce Gd-pIgA1. J. ?. Therefore, EBV infection at a very early age significantly reduces the lifetime risk of EBV infections, IgA nephropathy and some other autoimmune diseases. This finding suggests that the low incidence of IgA nephropathy in the above-described populations may be related to marked differences at the early age of EBV infection, ethnicity, race, ensuing immune responses and compromised socio-economic circumstances when compared to the high incidence of this disease in adolescents and young adults infected later in their lives with mature IgA systems and living in favorable socio-economic situations.
Since the first cases of SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, a lot of progress has been accomplished in the understanding the pathobiology of acute infection, use of therapeutic interventions (oxygen, dexamethasone, antiviral and immunomodulatory drugs) and preventive measurements (mask, isolation, and vaccination). However, there is still a lack of a clear understanding of the pathobiology of this post-infectious process and therapeutic and preventive interventions on the consequences of this infection called Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC). However, the definition is still evolving; it estimates it occurs in 1:10 post-infected individuals develops these conditions. More than 200 symptoms have been reported associated with this illness and several post-COVID incapacitated syndromes such as ME/CFS, POTS, dysautonomia changes, and others. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain those clinical symptoms from persistent virus, haywire immune system, micro-clots, mitochondria dysfunction, and dysbiosis. Therefore, therapeutic interventions are urgently needed to mitigate the devastating effects of PASC development of therapeutic agents, and clinical trials are slow processes. Thus, another approach to the problem is repurposing drugs that fit the proposed mechanism with an acceptable safety profile. While we endorse clinical trials, especially those that prioritize including the diverse populations most affected by COVID-19 and long COVID-19, we discourage off-label experimentation in uncontrolled and unsupervised settings. This review aims to focus on clinical, pharmacological, and feasibility data, with the goal of informing future interventional research studies.
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) consistently reveal an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CLEC16A gene and various autoimmune and neurological disorders, including recent evidence implicating Parkinson's disease. To elucidate CLEC16A's role in autoimmunity, we generated mice with an inducible global knockout (KO) of Clec16a (Clec16a?UBC). Global deletion of Clec16a in adult mice resulted in dysregulated mitophagy/autophagy, yielding a complex phenotype characterized by pronounced immune dysfunction, rapidly progressing sensory neurodegeneration, and severe lipodystrophy. Elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial dysfunction led to increased oxidative stress and the production of multiple proinflammatory mediators. Dysregulated oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) signaling was evident in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and splenic lysates from Clec16a?UBC mice, accompanied by an inflammatory cytokine/chemokine profile. Knockout mice exhibited heightened antibody levels, including IgM, IgA, Ig2b, IgG3, and autoantibodies in sera. Our findings suggest that loss-of-function variants in CLEC16A, associated with reduced CLEC16A levels, may contribute to autoimmunity by inducing elevated ER stress, resulting in dysregulated mitophagy and autophagy. These processes contribute to adipose lipolysis and the production of inflammatory mediators. Pharmacological interventions targeting ER stress, mitophagy/autophagy, or the JAK/STAT pathway partially reversed these pathological processes, suggesting potential efficacy in treating and preventing symptoms of autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis, in individuals carrying risk associated CLEC16A variants.