Immunodeficiency

Immunodeficiency refers to a weakened or impaired immune system that makes an individual more susceptible to infections and certain diseases. Immunodeficiency disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic defects, medication use, and certain medical conditions.

Primary immunodeficiency disorders are genetic disorders that affect the development or function of the immune system. Examples of primary immunodeficiency disorders include X-linked agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency, and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID).

Secondary immunodeficiency disorders are acquired and can be caused by a variety of factors, such as viral infections, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and certain medications, such as corticosteroids.

Individuals with immunodeficiency disorders may experience frequent or severe infections, delayed recovery from infections, and infections caused by opportunistic pathogens that do not typically cause disease in people with a healthy immune system. Treatment for immunodeficiency disorders varies depending on the underlying cause and may include medications, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and bone marrow or stem cell transplants.

It is important for individuals with immunodeficiency disorders to take steps to reduce their risk of infection, such as practicing good hand hygiene, avoiding contact with sick individuals, and staying up to date on vaccinations.